09.03.26: Level 2; Vincent (Latin Reader); XLVIII / XLIX; [1] The Return to Gaul; [2] The Death of Caesar (i) comprehension

[1] The Return to Gaul

Caesar, quod magnum numerum obsidum et captīvōrum habēbat atque tempestātēs nāvēs paucās dēlēverant, duōbus itineribus exercitum trānsportāre īnstituit. Interim Rōmānī nāvēs reparāverant et Britannī omnēs obsidēs, quōs imperāverat Caesar, miserant. Itaque, ubi ventus erat idōneus, secundā vigiliā Caesar nāvēs solvit atque prīmā lūce ad continentem cum omnibus cōpiīs pervēnit. Inde exercitum in hīberna dūxit atque, quod illō annō cōpia frūmentī in Galliā erat parva, legiōnēs in plūrēs cīvitātēs distribuit.

[1] Comprehension

[i] How did Caesar transport his army? (1)

[ii] What were the reasons for that? (2)

[iii] What did the Romans do to the ships? (1)

[iv] What did the Britons do with the hostages? (1)

[v] When and why was Caesar able to launch the ships? (2)

[vi] When did he reach the mainland? (1)

[vii] Where did Caesar lead the army? (1)

[viii] What was the problem with the grain, and how did Caesar deal with it?

[2] The Death of Caesar

Interim invidia magna Pompēium, quī in Ītaliā mānserat, propter victōriās Caesaris mōvit. Caesar et Pompēius dē prīncipātū cīvitātis contendēbant. Caesar, postquam Gallōs vīcit, exercitum suum ad Ītaliam dūcēbat: tandem ad fluvium Rubicōnem vēnit. Inde post diēs paucōs legiōnēs suās trāns fluvium dūxit. Itaque bellum contrā cīvitātem Rōmānam indīxit. Mox Pompēium et cōpiās Senātūs superāvit. Pompēius ad Aegyptum nāvigāvit, ubi servus illum necāvit. Caesar, postquam Rōmam revertit, imperium maximum habēbat: sed Rōmānī illum timēbant atque multī coniūrātiōnem fēcērunt. Brūtus et Cassius cum paucīs Caesarem prope statuam Pompēiī necāvērunt.

[2] Comprehension

[i] How did Pompey feel about Caesar’s victories? (1)

[ii] What were Pompey and Caesar in disagreement about? (1)

[iii] When did Caesar lead his army to Italy? (1)

[iv] What is the Rubicon? (1)

[v] What happened after a few days? (2)

[vi] What happened soon afterwards? (2)

[vii] What did Pompey do, and what happened to him? (3)

[viii] Translate: Caesar, postquam Rōmam revertit, imperium maximum habēbat: sed Rōmānī illum timēbant atque multī coniūrātiōnem fēcērunt. Brūtus et Cassius cum paucīs Caesarem prope statuam Pompēiī necāvērunt. (7)

Background:

[1] death of Caesar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Julius_Caesar

[2] Pompey

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pompey

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[1]

[i] by two journeys

[ii] (1) Large number of hostages; (2) storms had destroyed a few ships

[iii] repaired them

[iv] sent them

[v] (1) at the second vigil; (2) the wind was suitable

[vi] at dawn

[vii] winter quarters

[viii] (1) small supply; (ii) distributed it among many tribes

[2]

[i] very envious

[ii] command of the state

[iii] after he conquered Gaul

[iv] name of a river

[v] (1) Caesar led a few legions (2) across the river.

[vi] (1) Caesar conquered Pompey and (2) the troops of the Senate.

[vii] (1) sailed to Egypt (2) was murdered (3) by a slave

(1) After Caesar (had) returned to Rome, (2) he had the greatest / very great (political) authority: (3) but the Romans were afraid of him / began to fear him (4) and many (people) formed a conspiracy. (5) Brutus and Cassius with a few / some (men; ‘others’ would also work here) (6) murdered / killed Caesar (7) near the statue of Pompey.