15.03.26: Level 2; Vincent (Latin Reader); L / LI; [1] The achievements of Caesar; [2] The Invasion by the Emperor Claudius (i) comprehension

[1] The Achievements of Caesar

Caesar, quī novem annōs in Galliā bellum gerēbat, tōtam prōvinciam superāvit. Caesar pontem in Rhēnō decem diēbus aedificāvit atque contrā gentēs Germānās contendit. Rhēnus ex agrīs Lēpontiōrum, quī Alpēs incolunt, per fīnēs gentium multārum ad Ōceanum dēfluit. Caesar cōpiās in fīnēs Sigambrōrum dūxit atque agrōs vastāvit. Bis in Britanniam nāvigāvit et in parte īnsulae gentēs multās superāvit. Belgae et Vercingetorix, quī erat dux praeclārissimus Gallōrum, Caesarī sē mandāvērunt. Postquam Pompēium vīcit, multās lēgēs et bonās cīvitātī Rōmānae dedit.

[1] Comprehension

[i] To what exactly do the following refer?

(a) nine (3)

(b) ten (3)

(c) twice (2)

[ii] What was Caesar able to do once the bridge was built? (1)

[iii] Translate: Rhēnus ex agrīs Lēpontiōrum, quī Alpēs incolunt, per fīnēs gentium multārum ad Ōceanum dēfluit. Caesar cōpiās in fīnēs Sigambrōrum dūxit atque agrōs vastāvit. (10)

[iv] True or false? Caesar conquered one tribe. (1)

[v] Who was Vercingetorix? (2)

[vi] Translate:  Belgae … Caesarī sē mandāvērunt. (2)

[vii] What did Caesar do after conquering Pompey? (2)

[2] The Invasion by the Emperor Claudius

Gāius Iūlius Caesar, quī prīmus ex Rōmānīs ad Britanniam nāvigāvit, parvam partem sōlam īnsulae superāvit. Britannī peditibus et essedīs plūrimum valēbant, sed, quia factiōnēs erant multae, minus resistere poterant. Nec Rōmānī, postquam Caesar ad Galliam revertit, ferē per centum annōs impetum contrā Britanniam fēcērunt. Inde Claudius, imperātor Rōmānus, Aulum Plautium cum quattuor legiōnibus mīsit propter trēs causās, quod Galliam dēfendere voluit, atque Britannia fert aurum et argentum et metalla multa, atque magna erat discordia inter fīliōs Cunobelīnī, quī Trinobantēs rēxerat.

[2] comprehension

[i] How ‘complete’ was Caesar’s conquest of Britannia? (1)

[ii] What were the Britons’ strengths? (2)

[iii] Why were they unable to resist? (1)

[iv] Translate: Nec Rōmānī, postquam Caesar ad Galliam revertit, ferē per centum annōs impetum contrā Britanniam fēcērunt. (3)

[v] What role did Aulus Plautius play in the invasion of Britannia? (2)

[vi] What were the three reasons for Claudius’ invasion of Britannia? (5)

____________________

[1]

[i] (a) (1) number of years (2) Caesar waged war (3) in Gaul

[i] (b) (1) the number of days it took to (2) build a bridge (3) over the Rhine

[i] (c) (1) the number of times (2) Caesar sailed to Britannia

[ii] march against the German tribes

[iii] “(1) The Rhine, (2) from the fields of the Lepontii, (3) who inhabit the Alps, (1) flows (4) through the territories (5) of many peoples (6) to the Ocean. (7) Caesar led his troops (8) into the territory (9) of the Sigambri and (10) laid waste to their fields.”

[iv] false: conquered many tribes

[v] the (1) most famous commander (2) of the Gauls

[vi] (1) The Belgae surrendered themselves (2) to Caesar.

[vii] (1) gave many good laws (2) to the Roman state

[2]

[i] conquered only a small part of it

[ii] (1) infantry; (2) chariots

[iii] many factions

[iv] And (1) after Caesar (had) returned to Gaul, (2) the Romans did not attack / make an attack against  Britannia (3) for almost 100 years.

[v] (1) Claudius sent him (2) with four legions

[vi] (1) defend Gaul; (2) Britannia had gold, silver (3) and many metals; (4) Great disagreement between the sons of Cunobelinus (5) who had ruled Britannia