Thursday, January 8, 2026

20.03.26: Level 1 (review); presentation; 3rd person pronouns; demonstrative adjectives and pronouns [2]; word order

Video notes

[i] Quid est? │ What is it? The same expression can be used to express “What’s wrong / what’s the matter?”

[ii] Quid est hoc? │ What is this / it? [i.e. referring to an inanimate object]; the question uses the neuter hoc because, at that point, the gender remains unknown to the speaker; German: Was ist das [neuter]?; Russian: Chto eto [neuter]?; Spanish: ¿Qué es esto [neuter]?

[iii] When the answer is given, hic, haec and hoc will reflect the gender of the noun. Although indicating something near the speaker, ‘it’ rather than ‘this’ can also be used in translation.

Quid est hoc? │ What is this (thing) / it?

Hic est gladius [masculine] │ This is / it is a sword.

Hic gladius longus est │ This sword is long.

Haec est mēnsa [feminine] │ This / it is a table.

Haec mēnsa rotunda est │ This table is round.

Hoc est templum [neuter] │ This is / it is a temple.

Hoc templum antīquum est │ This temple is ancient.

[iv] Word order in Latin is flexible because the endings of words tell you how they are related to each other. In general, a verb is placed at the end of a sentence but that is by no means a hard and fast rule, and authors will change the order depending on, for example, the emphasis they wish to place on a word.

Hic gladius longus est = Hic gladius est longus│ This sword is long

Hic est gladius longus. │ This is a long sword.

20.02.24: Asking and saying who people are

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/394496183161656/

20.02.24: hic, haec, hoc [2]

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/394751416469466/

20.02.24: Quis est hic / haec?

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/394756356468972/

20.02.24: hic, haec, hoc [3]

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/394768023134472/

 

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