22.11.25: Level 2; Vincent (Latin Reader); XXXVI; a Roman Victory [i]

Inde Caesar exercitum exposuit atque locum castrīs idōneum dēlēgit. Caesar, dum decem cohortēs et trecentī equitēs in castrīs manent, tertiā vigiliā cum legiōnibus suīs contrā hostēs contendit. Equitēs Britannōrum atque esseda ex locō altiōre contrā Rōmānōs pugnābant. Sed equitēs Rōmānī hostēs fugāvērunt; Britannī, quī in silvīs sē occultābant, rārī contrā Rōmānōs pugnābant. Mīlitēs legiōnis septimae, quī testūdinem fēcērunt, hostēs ex silvīs expulērunt. Caesar, quod nātūram locī ignōrābat atque castra mūnīre volēbat, hostibus nōn īnstābat.

[A] Comprehension

[i] In sentence 1, what are the first two things which Caesar did? (3)

[ii] What military forces remained in the camp? (2)

[iii] What is the period of time indicated by tertiā vigiliā? (1)

[A] Noon – 3PM; [B] 12AM – 3AM; [C] 9PM – Midnight

[iv] From where did the Britons start fighting? (1)

[v] Where did the Britons hide? (1)

[vi] Mīlitēs legiōnis septimae, quī testūdinem fēcērunt

What is the meaning – in context – of the word in bold? (1)

[vii] Why did Caesar not pursue the enemy? (2)

[B] Grammar review

[1] hostibus nōn īnstābat

[a] What case is the noun in bold and [b] why is that case being used? (2)

[2] locum castrīs idōneum dēlēgit

[a] What case is the noun in bold and [b] why is that case being used? (2)

[3] testūdinem fēcērunt

What is the nominative singular of the noun in bold? (1)

[4] Britannī … rārī contrā Rōmānōs pugnābant.

[a] What type of word is in bold and [b] how would it best be translated into English? (2)

[5] Caesar … tertiā vigiliā cum legiōnibus suīs contrā hostēs contendit.

Why is suīs used in this sentence? (1)

[6] Caesar … castra mūnīre volēbat [a] What form of the verb is mūnīre and [b] why is it being used here? (2)

[7] Give the first person singular present tense of:

[a] exposuit; [b] dēlēgit; [c] expulērunt (3)

[8] Britannī, quī in silvīs sē occultābant

[a] What type of word is in bold and [b] what type of clause is in italics? (2)

[9] Translate: Caesar, quod nātūram locī ignōrābat, … (2)

____________________

[A] Comprehension

[i] landed the army (1); selected a position (1); suitable for a camp (1)

[ii] ten cohorts (1); three hundred cavalry (1)

[iii] [B] 12AM – 3AM; approximate divisions of the night in Ancient Rome:

Prīma vigilia│First watch: 6:00 PM to 9:00 PM

Secunda vigilia │ Second watch: 9:00 PM to 12:00 AM

Tertia vigilia │ Third watch: 12:00 AM to 3:00 AM

Quārta vigilia │ Fourth watch: 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM (until dawn)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/220324-ordinal-numbers-2-telling-time.html

[iv] from a higher position

[v] forests

[vi] a form of shelter used in sieges, or a close formation of shields above soldiers’ heads

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=testudo-harpers

[vii] did not know the nature of the place (1); wanted to fortify the camp (1)

[B] Grammar review

[1] [a] dative [b] with compound verb i.e. īnstō, -āre

[2] [a] dative [b] with idōneus, -a, -um: suitable for a camp

[3] testūdō, testūdinis [3/f] (literally): tortoise / turtle (-shell)

[4] [a] adjective [b] rarely i.e. as an adverb although Latin frequently uses an adjective to describe the person performing the action as opposed to describing the action itself

[5] suus, -a, -um: his own (as opposed to eius which would refer to somebody else)

[6] [a] infinitive [b] after the verb volēbat i.e. he wanted to fortify the camp

[7] [a] expōnō; [b] dēligō; [c] expellō

[8] relative pronoun; [b] relative / adjectival clause

[9] Caesar, because (1) he did not know (1) the nature of the place, …