Listen to the extract and answer the questions. The translation is at the end of the post.
Vocabulary
cruciō,
cruciāre [1]: crucify
ēsca,
-ae [1/f]: food
fabricō,
fabricāre [1]: manufacture
fānum,
-ī [2/n]: shrine
ferīna,
-ae [1/f]: game; flesh of wild animals
ferrātus,
-a, -um: fitted with iron
gallīna,
-ae [1/f]: hen
gallus,
-ī [2/m]: rooster
humō,
humāre [1]: bury
inhūmānus,
-a, -um: uncivilised
lūcus,
-ī [2/m]: grove
mediterrānea:
Midlands (not Mediterranean) < mediterrāneus, -a,-um: inland
onrnātus,
-a, -um: decorated
pulchrē:
beautifully; adverb < pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful
rota,
-ae [1/f]: wheel
sacer,
sacra, sacrum: sacred; sacra (plural): sacred rites
sacrificō,
sacrificāre [1]: sacrifice
sepulcrum,
-ī [2/n]: tomb
simulācrum:
image; likeness; statue; effigy
sī:
if
trucīdō,
trucīdāre [1]: slaughter
urna,
-ae [1/f]: (here) a vessel used to store the ashes of the cremated dead
vēnumdō,
vēnumdāre [1]: sell
victima,
-ae [1/f]: sacrificial victim
victitō,
victitāre [1]: feed (on)
Part
2(iii)
[A]
"Multī mortuōs cremābant, sīcut Graecī et Rōmānī: exstant in Cantiō
sepulchra cum urnīs pulchrē ornātīs. Exstant etiam nummī Britannicī, aureī,
argenteī, aēneī. Esseda quoque fabricābant: nōn plānē inhūmānī erant, sī rotās
ferrātās essedōrum et nummōs aureōs aēneōsque fabricāre poterant. Britannīs
antīquīs magnus numerus gallōrum gallīnārumque erat; animī, nōn escae, causā
curābant, ut Gāius Iūlius affirmat. Sed incolae mediterrāneōrum et Calēdoniī
ferī et barbarī erant. Mortuōs humābant. Agrī cultūrae operam nōn dabant; nōn
frūmentō sed ferīnā victitābant.
[B]
Deōrum fāna in lūcīs sacrīs et silvīs ātrīs erant. Sacra cūrābant Druidae.
Sacra erant saeva: virōs, fēminās, līberōs prō victimīs sacrificābant. Inter sē
saepe pugnābant; captīvōs miserōs vēnumdābant, vel cruciābant et trucīdābant:
nōnnumquam simulācra magna, plēna victimīs hūmānīs, cremābant. Populōrum inter
sē discordiae victōriam Rōmānōrum parābant."
Questions
[A]
Listen to Part [A] “Multī … victitābant”. In which order are the following first
referred to:
beautifully
decorated urns
bronze
coins
burying
the dead
cremating
the dead
feeding
on game
hens
and roosters
inhabitants
of the Midlands
manufacture
of wheels
[B]
Listen to Part B “Deōrum … parābant”
[i]
What could be found in sacred groves? (2)
[ii]
What was the role of the Druids? (1)
[iii]
Why were the sacred rites described as saeva? (2)
[iv]
How were prisoners treated? (3)
[v]
What did they sometimes cremate? (2)
[vi]
Which two Latin phrases from Part B give the reasons why the Romans could be
victorious? (2)
____________________
Part 2(iii)
[A] Many cremated the dead, as in Greece and Rome: there are
tombs in Kent with beautifully decorated urns. There also exist British coins
of gold, silver, and bronze. They also manufactured chariots: they were not
completely uncivilised if they could manufacture iron-clad chariot wheels and
gold and bronze coins. The ancient Britons had a great number of cockerels and
hens; as Gaius Julius maintains, they took care of them not for the purpose of
food but for amusement. But the inhabitants of the Midlands and Caledonia were
wild and barbarous. They buried the dead. They paid no attention to the
cultivation of the land. They did not feed on grain but on game.
[B] The shrines of the gods were in sacred groves and in dark
forests. The Druids took care of religious rites. Their rites were savage: they
sacrificed men, women, and children for their victims. They often fought with
each other. They would sell the miserable captives, or crucified and
slaughtered them. Sometimes they cremated a large effigy, full of human
victims. The disagreements among themselves prepared the way for the victory of
the Romans.
Answers
Question A
beautifully decorated urns [2]
bronze coins [3]
burying the dead [7]
cremating the dead [1]
feeding on game [8]
hens and roosters [5]
inhabitants of the Midlands [6]
manufacture of wheels [4]
[A] "Multī mortuōs cremābant, sīcut Graecī et Rōmānī:
exstant in Cantiō sepulchra cum [2] urnīs pulchrē ornātīs. Exstant etiam nummī
Britannicī, aureī, argenteī, [3] aēneī. Esseda quoque fabricābant: nōn plānē
inhūmānī erant, sī [4] rotās ferrātās essedōrum et nummōs aureōs aēneōsque
fabricāre poterant. Britannīs antīquīs magnus numerus [5] gallōrum
gallīnārumque erat; animī, nōn escae, causā curābant, ut Gāius Iūlius affirmat.
Sed [6] incolae mediterrāneōrum et Calēdoniī ferī et barbarī erant. [7] Mortuōs
humābant. Agrī cultūrae operam nōn dabant; nōn frūmentō sed [8] ferīnā
victitābant.
Question B
[i] (1) shrines (2) of the gods
[ii] (taking care of) sacred rites
[iii] (1) Men, women and children were (2) sacrificial
victims
[iv] (1) sold (2) crucified (3) slaughtered
[v] (1) large effigies (2) filled with human sacrificial
victims
[vi] (1) Inter sē saepe pugnābant (2) Populōrum inter sē discordiae
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