Apart from completing the Latin quotations with the verbs listed below, the purpose of this exercise is to illustrate a point that was made at a very early stage when the lengthy topic of the subjunctive began.
At times, English
can convey subjunctive ideas with the use of auxiliary verbs such as
“could”, “might”, “may”, and “would”. Professional translations will very often
do this if it is stylistically appropriate i.e. it does not sound clumsy or
archaic. However, that is not guaranteed and the examples below show, at this
level, where you need to consider the thinking that underpins the usage
of moods. In [A] the actions are presented as factual, whereas in [B]
the actions are treated as prospective i.e. they refer to actions that
are expected or intended.
[A] Indicative
[i] There was
silence until he returned.
Dōnec __________ silentium fuit (Livy)
[ii] While these
things are being done, your father is brought alongside in a very small
boat; and nobody has caught sight of the man until he boards the ship.
Dum haec __________, lembō advehitur tuus
pater pauxillulō, neque quisquam hominem cōnspicātust [ = cōnspicātus est], dōnec
in nāvem __________ (Plautus)
[iii] I was
anxious until the moment when we came to challenge the jurors.
Ūsque eō timuī dōnec ad reiciendōs iūdicēs
__________ (Cicero)
[iv] But if I
cannot completely persuade you, at least (wait) until what we are doing about
Spain is known
Quod sī tōtum tibi
persuādēre nōn possum, saltem, dum, quid dē Hispāniīs agāmus, __________
(Cicero)
[v] For, while I
was dealing with that … I was as if nurturing my own pains
Nam, dum
illud __________ … quasi fovēbam dolōrēs meōs (Cicero)
[vi] As long as
the king was with me ….
Quoad mēcum rēx __________… (Cicero)
[vii] Take a look
at our house whenever you can [ = as long as you will be able].
Domum nostram,
quoad __________, invīsās (Cicero)
[viii] As long
as you wish me to hope, I shall comply with your wishes.
Quoad mē vōs spērāre __________, vōbīs
obtemperābō (Cicero)
[ix] I have all
the account books both of this man and of his father, and I have read and
studied them with utmost care — of the father for as long as he lived,
yours for as long as you say you kept them.
Habeō et ipsīus et
patris eius acceptī tabulās omnīs, quās dīligentissimē lēgī atque dīgessī,
patris, quoad __________, tuās, quoad __________ tē
cōnfēcisse (Cicero)
[x] They remained
at Rome until Lucius Metellus set out for the province.
Rōmae fuērunt
quoad L. Metellus in prōvinciam __________ (Cicero)
aguntur; ais; fuit;
poteris; profectus est; rediit; scītur; subit; tractābam; vēnimus; vīxit; vultis
[B] Subjunctive;
examples with dōnec + subjunctive are rare
[i] Now, don’t
wait for me to return [literally: until I return] home by this
street.
Nunc nē
expectētis, dum hāc domum __________ viā (Plautus)
[ii] The matter
will be solved in the blink of an eye [literally: by the time you
sneeze]
Dum tū __________, rēs erit solūta
(Plautus)
[iii] And so I sat
down in the middle of the road until I could write out a summary of
these things for you.
Itaque subsēdī in
ipsā viā, dum haec… summātim tibi __________ (Cicero)
[iv] And I have
not moved from Thessalonica …until you (could / might) write
something to me about him.
He ought to have
been a little quieter until he received a reply [literally: until
replies were brought back]
Dēbuit esse paulō
quiētior, dum respōnsa __________ (Cicero)
[v] For I did not
have to wait until he returned from Cosa.
Nōn enim ego … illum
expectāre, dum dē Cosānō __________, dēbuī, (Cicero)
[vi] As I had
decided to await Pomptinus, I thought it most convenient, until he arrived,
to spend the days with Pompey.
Nec mē
Thessalonīcā commōvī … quoad aliquid ad mē dē eō __________ (Cicero)
[vii] Quod
Pomptīnum statueram exspectāre, commodissimum dūxī diēs eōs, quoad ille __________,
cum Pompēiō cōnsūmere (Cicero)
[viii] He will
need to hold out until Pompey arrives.
Erit ad
sustentandum, quoad Pompēius __________ (Cicero)
[ix] Continue to
feed clover until it dries out
Usque ōcinum datō,
dōnec __________ (Cato)
[x] When Pompey
was arriving, the townspeople allowed him to approach nearer and nearer, until
he came close to the very gates and the wall.
Pompēiō adveniente
oppidānī usque eō passī propius accēdere, dōnec ad ipsās portās ac mūrum
__________ (Bellum Africum)
adpropinquāret;
ārēscat; perscrīberem; redeam; redīret; referrentur; scrīberēs; sternuās; veniat;
venīret
____________________
[A]
[i]
rediit
[ii]
aguntur; subit
[iii]
vēnimus
[iv]
scītur
[v]
tractābam
[vi]
fuit
[vii]
poteris
[viii]
vultis
[ix]
vīxit; ais
[x]
profectus est
[B]
[i] redeam
[ii]
sternuās
[iii]
perscrīberem
[iv]
referrentur
[v] redīret
[vi]
scrīberēs
[vii]
venīret
[viii]
veniat
[ix]
ārēscat
[x] adpropinquāret
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