12.08.26: Level 3+; Comenius (1658) CXLIII; the besieging of a city [11] vocabulary and notes [x] verbs [1]

Urbs passūra obsidiōnem, prīmum prōvocātur per tūbicinem et invītātur ad dēditiōnem. Quod sī abnuat facere, oppugnātur ab obsidentibus et occupātur.

Vel mūrōs per scālās trānscendendō, aut diruendō arietibus, aut dēmoliendō tormentīs, vel dirumpendō portās exōstrā, vel ēiaculandō globōs tormentāriōs ē mortāriīs ballistīs in urbem per ballistāriōs, quī latitant post gerrās, vel subvertendō cūniculīs per fossōrēs.

Obsessī dēfendunt sē dē mūrīs ignibus, lapidibus, etc., aut ērumpunt. Urbs vī expugnāta diripitur, exciditur, interdum aequātur solō.

Comenius includes a number of verbal features which we will briefly review:

[i] passive voice

aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: level

invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: invite, urge

occupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: seize, take

oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: assault, attack

prōvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: summon, challenge

excidō, excidere, excidī, excīsus [3]: destroy

diripiō, diripere, diripuī, direptus [3-iō]: plunder

Urbs … │ a city …

… prōvocātur │ … is summoned

… invītātur ad dēditiōnem │ … is invited / persuaded to yield

… oppugnātur │ … is attacked

… occupātur │ … is occupied / taken

… diripitur │ … is plundered

… exciditur │ … is destroyed

… aequātur solō │ … is laid even with the ground [ = levelled; razed to the ground]

[ii] participles acting as nouns and adjectives:

obsideō, -ēre, obsēdī, obsessus [2]: besiege

(a) present active participle

> obsidēns, -ntis: (who is) besieging

oppugnātur ab obsidentibus │ it is assaulted by the besiegers [ = those who are besieging]

(b) perfect passive participle

> obsessus, -a, -um: having been besieged

Obsessī dēfendunt sē dē mūrīs │ Those that are besieged defend themselves

expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus [1]: storm, take by assault

> expugnātus, -a, -um: having been stormed

Urbs vī expugnāta │ a city (that has been) taken by force

(c) future active participle

Patior, patī, passus sum [3-iō dep.]: suffer; endure

> passūrus, -a, -um: about to / going to endure

Urbs passūra obsidiōnem │ a city about to endure a siege

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/passive%20voice

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/present%20active%20participle

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/future%20active%20participle