[A] (1) "Cīvitās
Helvētia, nostra patria, locī nātūrā continētur. (2) Helvētiī undique
flūminibus montibusque continentur. (3) Helvētiī, hominēs maximae audāciae,
sunt bellī cupidī, sed (4) propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile
īnferre possunt. (5) Glōria bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima sed (6) mox
minima erit. (7) Helvētiī sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs
fīnēs petere possunt. (8) Sīc fīnēs sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt."
(9) "Rōmānī
autem magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt. (10) Prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae
obtinēre volunt. (11) Rōmānī fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt. (12)
Multae nātiōnēs autem ab Helvētiīs vīctae sunt. (13) Exercitus Rōmānus quidem
ab eīs quondam victus est. (14) Sine dubiō cōpiae Helvētiōrum eum iterum
vincent."
[B]
(1) Orgetorīx
dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continērī. (2) Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs
undique flūminibus et montibus continērī. (3) Cōnfirmat Helvētiōs, hominēs
maximae audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs sed (4) propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs
bellum nōn facile īnferre posse. (5) Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam
bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam sed (6) mox futūram esse minimam. (7) Putat
Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere
posse; (8) sīc sibi fīnēs magis idōneōs obtentūrōs esse. (9) Dīcit Rōmānōs
ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse et (10) prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae
obtinēre velle. (11) Putat Rōmānōs fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre
temptātūrōs esse. (12) Scit autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs vīctās esse et (13)
exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam vīctum esse. (14) Spērat cōpiās
Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
(1) Orgetorīx dīcit
¦ cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
(2) Dēmōnstrat
¦ Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
(3) Cōnfirmat ¦
Helvētiōs, hominēs maximae audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs
sed (4) propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre posse.
(5) Nōbilibus
nostrīs nārrat ¦ eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse
maximam sed (6) mox futūram esse minimam.
(7) Putat ¦
Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs
petere posse; (8) sīc sibi fīnēs magis idōneōs obtentūrōs esse.
(9) Dīcit ¦
Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse et (10)
prīncipātum tōtius Galliae obtinēre velle.
(11) Putat
¦ Rōmānōs fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre temptātūrōs esse.
(12) Scit ¦
autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et (13) exercitum
Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
(14) Spērat
¦ cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
Direct statement
> Indirect statement
An indirect
statement comprises three parts:
(1) the verb that introduces
the indirect statement e.g. dīcit (he says)
(2) the subject of the
indirect statement in the accusative case
(3) the verb of the
indirect statement is changed to an infinitive
[a] with the present
active infinitive
[i]
Direct statement
“Helvētiī
sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs finēs petere possunt.”
"The Helvetians are able to
leave their own territory without difficulty and seek wider lands."
> Indirect
statement
(1) Putat │ (2) Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē
fīnibus suīs et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere (3) posse
(1) He thinks │
(2) that the Helvetians (3) are able to
leave their own territory without difficulty and seek wider lands.
[ii]
Direct statement
“Helvētiī,
hominēs
maximae audāciae, sunt bellī cupidī, “… sed propter angustōs fīnēs
fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre possunt.”
“The Helvetians, a people of the
greatest boldness, are ¦ eager for war, but because of their narrow territory, they
are not easily able to wage war on their neighbors.”
> Indirect
statement
(1)
Cōnfirmat │ (2) Helvētiōs, hominēs
maximae audāciae, bellī (3) esse ¦ cupidōs, sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs
bellum nōn facile īnferre (3) posse.
(1) He affirms │
(2) that the Helvetians, a people of the greatest boldness,
(3) are
¦ eager
for war, but because of their narrow territory, they are not easily (3) able to
wage war on their neighbours.
[iii]
Direct statement
“(Rōmānī)
prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre volunt.”
“(The Romans)
want
to obtain supremacy over all of Gaul.”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Dīcit │ (2) Rōmānōs ipsōs
prīncipātum tōtius Galliae obtinēre (3) velle
(1) He says │ (2) that the Romans themselves (3) want
to obtain supremacy over all of Gaul.
[b] with the perfect
active infinitive
[i]
Direct statement
“Rōmānī
autem magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt.”
“But the Romans have
already conquered a large part of Gaul.”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Dīcit │ (2) Rōmānōs ipsōs
magnam partem Galliae iam (3) superāvisse
(1) He says │
(2) that the Romans themselves (3) have already conquered
a large part of Gaul.
[ii]
Direct statement
“Glōria
bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima”
“The glory of war
and bravery was the greatest at one time.”
> Indirect
statement
Nōbilibus nostrīs │
(1) nārrat eōrum (2) glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis
(3) fuisse
maximam
(1) He tells our nobles │ that (2) their glory of
war and bravery (3) were the greatest.
[c] with the future
active infinitive
[i]
Direct statement
“Glōria
bellī et fortitūdinis … mox minima erit.”
“The glory of war
and bravery will soon be very little.”
> Indirect
statement
Nōbilibus nostrīs
(1) nārrat │ (2) glōriam …
mox (3) futūram esse minimam
(1) He tells our nobles │ that (2) the glory of
war and bravery (3) will soon be very little.
[ii]
Direct statement
“Sine dubiō cōpiae
Helvētiōrum eum (exercitum) iterum vincent.”
“Without doubt the troops of the
Helvetians will again conquer it (the army).”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Spērat │
(2) cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum (3) victūrās esse
(1) He hopes │ that
(2) the
troops of the Helvetians (3) will again conquer the Romans.
[iii]
Direct statement
“Rōmānī
fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt.”
“The Romans will
perhaps try to stop us from (our) journey.”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Putat │ (2)
Rōmānōs
fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre (3) temptātūrōs esse
(1) He thinks │
that (2) the Romans (3) will perhaps try to prevent them from (their)
journey.”
[iv]
Direct statement
“(Helvētiī)
sīc fīnēs sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt.”
“In this way the Helvetians will obtain territory
more suitable for themselves.”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Putat │ (2) Helvētiōs … sīc sibi fīnēs magis
idōneōs (3) obtentūrōs esse
(1) He thinks │
that, in this way, (2) the Helvetians (3) will obtain territory
more suitable for themselves.
[d] with the present
passive infinitive
[i]
Direct statement
“Cīvitās
Helvētia, nostra patria, loci nātūrā continētur.”
“The Helvetian
state, our homeland, is confined by natural features.”
> Indirect
statement
Orgetorīx (1) dīcit │ (2) cīvitātem Helvētiam locī
nātūrā (3) continēri
Orgetorix (1) says │ that (2) the Helvetian state (3) is confined
by natural features.
[ii]
Direct statement
“Helvētiī
undique flūminibus montibusque continentur.”
“The Helvetians are surrounded on all
sides by rivers and mountains.”
> Indirect
statement
(1) Dēmōnstrat │ (2) Helvētiōs
undique flūminibus et montibus (3) continērī
(1) He shows │ that
(2) the
Helvetians (3) are surrounded on all sides by rivers and
mountains.
[e] with the perfect
passive infinitive
[i]
“Multae nātiōnēs autem
ab Helvetiīs victae sunt.”
“Many nations,
however, have been conquered by the Helvetians.”
(1) Scit autem │ (2) multās
nātiōnēs
ab Helvētiīs (3) victās esse …
(1) He knows, however, │ (2) that many nations (3) have been
conquered by the Helvetians …
[ii]
“Exercitus
Rōmānus quidem ab eīs quondam victus est.”
“Indeed, the Roman army was once
defeated
by them.”
(scit) … │ (2)
exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam (3) victum esse
(knows) … │ that (2) the Roman army indeed (3) was once defeated by them.
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