Complete the Latin text with the words listed below. Note: in
this second part, a couple of words are not included in the exercise itself since
they are very rare.
[Not numbered in the image:
The entrance into a city │ __________ in urbeṃ]
is made out of the suburbs (12) | fit ex __________ (12)
through a gate (13) | per __________ (13)
over the bridge (14). | super __________ (14).
The gate hath a portcullis (15) | Porta habet __________
(15)
a drawbridge (16) | __________ (16)
two-leaved doors (17) | __________ (17)
locks and bolts, as also bars (18). | clāustra &
repāgula, ut & vectēs (18).
In the suburbs are gardens (19) | In suburbiīs sunt __________
(19)
and garden-houses (20) | & __________ (20)
and also burying-places (21). | ut & __________ (21).
catarāctās; coemētēria; hortī; ingressus; pontem; pontem
versātilem; portam; suburbāna; suburbiō; valvās
Vocabulary and notes
clāustrum, -ī [2/n]: lock, bar
coemētērium, -ī [2/n]: cemetery, burial-place
hortus, -ī [2/m]: garden
ingressus, -ūs [4/m]: entrance
pons, pontis [3/m]: bridge
pons versātilis: the adjective refers to something
that is moveable or revolving; (here) drawbridge
porta, -ae [1/f]: gate
repāgulum, -ī [2/n]: bar, bolt
suburbānum, -ī [2/n]: suburban house; in the Classical
period it refers specifically to a residence outside Rome as opposed to vīlla,
-ae [1/f]: country residence; estate
suburbānō facile cāreō (Cicero)
- I can easily do without a suburban residence.
suburbium, -ī [2/n]: suburb(s)
in suburbium … īre nōn sum ausus (Cicero)
- I … did not dare to go into the suburbs
valva, -ae [1/f]: door-leaf; (pl.) valvae: double doors
(also in domestic dwellings)
[image: depiction of valvae from a Roman fresco]
catarācta, -ae [1/f]: [i] portcullis [ii] waterfall;
floodgate; sluice
vectis, -is [3/m]: bar, lever
Livy describes soldiers opening a gate:
cataractā deiectā clausa erat; eam partim vectibus
levant
- it was closed by a portcullis that had been let down;
some raise this with levers
sed amplius prōdest, quod invēnit antīquitās, ut ante portam
addātur prōpugnāculum, in cuius ingressū pōnitur cataracta,
quae ānulīs ferreīs ac fūnibus pendet (Vegetius)
- But what antiquity has devised is of still greater advantage: that a defensive work be added in front of the gate, at whose entrance a portcullis is set, which hangs from iron rings and ropes.
The Modern English derivative cataract is from the
first meaning of waterfall, or floodgate e.g. the six cataracts of the Nile,
narrow strips of water between Aswan and Khartoum.
- pervenit per montēs ad cataractam ab eōque sē praecipitāns per septentriōnālem pervenit inter Elephantida et Syēnēn Thēbāicōsque in Aegyptum campōs et ibi Nīlus appellātur (Vitruvius)
It reaches the Cataract through the mountains, and rushing
down northwards from there, it comes between Elephantine and Syene into the Theban
plains of Egypt, where it is called the Nile.
Referring to water management, Pliny the Younger writes:
expedītum tamen erat cataractīs aquae cursum
temperāre (Pliny the Younger)
- However, it was easy to regulate the flow of water by means of floodgates.
Now obsolete in English, cataract could refer to a
portcullis, a grating lowered into place. From this we have the term used in
ophthalmology cataract, a clouding of the lens of the eye.
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Cataracta.html
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