Sunday, March 15, 2026

06.08.26: Level 3+; Comenius (1658) CXLIII; the besieging of a city [7] vocabulary and notes [vi]: the Roman fieldworks at Alesia

main defensive line, a palisade, a wall of wooden stakes, used as a barrier constructed along an earthwork, together with a tower (1) – (3) and (6)

trenches and obstacles / anti-cavalry devices

The image details a series of ditches (5, 7), forked stakes and spikes (4, 8, 10) and hidden pits (9) designed to impede enemy advances

(1) lōrīca, -ae [1/f]:  [i] (soldier’s armour) coat of mail; cuirass [ii] (here) any form of defence e.g. parapet; breastwork i.e. a military fortification consisting of a low wall, often with wooden or wicker defenses

(2) pinnae, -ārum [1/f/pl]: battlements i.e the raised parts behind which defenders could shelter

(3)

agger, -is [3/m]: earthwork, especially defensive ramparts, dykes, dams, causeways, and piers

vallum, -ī [2/n]: wall; rampart; entrenchment

(4) cervus, -ī [2/m]: [i] deer; stag [ii] (from resemblance to the horns of a stag) cervī: forked stakes

(5), (7) fossa, -ae [1/f]: ditch; trench; moat

(6) turris, -is [3/f]: tower

(8) cippus, -ī [2/m]: sharpened stake

(9) līlium, -ī [2/n]: a form of defence, consisting of several rows of pits, in which stakes were planted, rising only four inches above the surface of the ground

(10) stimulus, -ī [2/m]: a sharp, barbed hook concealed beneath the surface of the ground, to repel hostile troops

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