24.05.26: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [27] [v]: grammar

 Carolus et Maria in Hispāniā sunt. Ibi nūllōs amīcōs habent neque linguam Hispāniae intellegunt. Multa et nōta loca huius terrae tamen vidēre cupiunt. Iam laetitiam magnam sentiunt quod terra est tam pulchra. Ubīque in arboribus sunt avēs. Caelum est semper clārum. Multa oppida parva inter collēs cēlantur. In hīs oppidīs Americānī manēre cupiunt quod ibi quiētem capere possunt. In oppidīs magnīs hominēs semper properant. Semper excitātī sunt.

Ōlim Hispānia rēgēs habēbat. Interdum rēgēs in urbe nōn manēbant, sed rūrī habitābant. Saepe tēctum quod rūrī erat magnum erat. Circum tēctum erat mūrus altus. Hodiē Carolus et eius pater in viā prope mūrum ambulant. Portae sunt apertae, per quās pater fīliusque hortum et tēctum inter arborēs vident.

“Antīquīs temporibus,” inquit pater, “mīlitēs circum iānuam stābant.”

“Cūr hoc fēcērunt?” rogat Carolus.

“Sīc eī rēgēs ā perīculō rapiēbant,” respondet pater. “Saepe rēgēs inimīcōs quī eōs etiam necāre audēbant habēbant. Saepe pictūrās in quibus erant pīla quae paucī ex mīlitibus portābant vīdī. Galeās et gladiōs quoque portābant. Haec erant arma splendida. Signa in quibus erant figūrae avium aut animālium portābantur. Tū exempla bona hōrum signōrum antīquōrum Rōmae vīdistī. Mīlitēs Rōmānī quoque signa in proeliīs portābant. Sīc in mediō proeliō mīlitēs loca sua nōscēbant.”

Nox iam appropinquat et lūx diēī post collēs cēlātur. Ex summō colle nauta et fīlius eius nūbēs spectant. Omnēs rēs nātūrā silent, quod tempus paene est hominēs animāliaque dormīre. Hispānia est terra grāta. Collēs sunt pulchrī. Populus Hispānus est amīcus. Cibus est bonus. Ubīque laetitia incolārum vidētur. Quamquam Hispānia est terra bona et nōta, Carolus et Maria laetitiam nunc sentiunt quod crās domum ībunt. Prīmā lūce Hispāniam relinquent.

Remember: all questions relate to the word / phrase as it appears in the text

[1] Changing verb tenses

Give the first person singular present tense of:

[a] ībunt

[b] possunt

[c] vīdistī

[2] Changing case endings (especially 3^rd declension nouns since the nominative form often differs from its form in other cases)

Give the nominative singular of:

[a] lūce

[b] quiētem

[c] rēgēs

[3] Identifying case and usage

Identify the case and number of the nouns in bold, and explain why those cases are being used:

[a] inter collēs

[b] antīquīs temporibus

[c] figūrae avium

[4] Giving examples; recognising grammar ters

From the text, find one example of each of the following:

[a] a present passive verb

[b] an imperfect active verb

[c] an imperfect passive verb

[5] Identify the clause type (in italics)

[a] Portae sunt apertae, per quās pater fīliusque hortum et tēctum inter arborēs vident.

[b] Omnēs rēs nātūrā silent, quod tempus paene est hominēs animāliaque dormīre.

[6] From the text: what is the case of both of these nouns? Why is this case different from other Latin cases?

rūrī; Rōmae

[1]

[a] eō

[b] possum

[c] videō

[2]

[a] lūx

[b] quiēs

[c] rēx

[3]

[a] accusative plural; governed by the preposition inter (“among / between”)

[b] ablative plural; time when (“in ancient times”)

[c] genitive plural; shows “of” birds

[4] Any one of:

[a] vidētur; cēlantur

[b] stābant; rapiēbant; habēbant; audēbant; portābant; nōscēbant; erat; erant

[c] portābantur

[5]

[a] relative: … per quās pater fīliusque … vident │ …through which the father and son see …

[b] causal: … quod tempus paene est … │ … because it is almost time …

[6] locative; used with names of cities, towns, small islands, and a few common nouns to show place where, without a preposition i.e. it is not used with other nouns:

rūrī: in the countryside

Rōmae: at / in Rome