The odd omission from the Traupman dialogue [LINK] is how Latin would express ‘living room’ because the Romans did not have a single room in the way we understand its modern function. However, given that one of the aims of this topic is to facilitate spoken Latin in a contemporary way, it needs to be included.
To begin, I shall quote some
extracts from a discussion a decade ago:
https://latin.stackexchange.com/questions/2272/what-is-living-room-in-latin
“I would
like to find a good Latin word for "living room". I know some
options, but my list might not be complete and I am not sure what is the best
choice. It may well be that different words are needed for different kinds
of living rooms.”
This is certainly true in the
ancient world although we will not find the “answer” from the poorer classes of
Rome since most of them lived in single rooms in large, cramped and poorly
constructed apartment blocks called insulae. They had neither washing
nor cooking facilities, hence the proliferation of thermae (public bath
houses), street fountains, and “fast food” outlets known as thermopolia.
In the large, wealthy Roman
town houses and in the sprawling country villas, there were different rooms
where the type of activity took place that we would associate with our living
rooms – but none of them encompass a unified concept.
One response to the initial
question was:
“Have you
tried looking at modern Latin dictionaries already?”
That the original writer had provided a list of possibilities
suggests this process had already been done, but it had not resolved the issue.
The link below gives eight different Neo-Latin definitions for the same word:
https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/living_room/
The problem is compounded by
different writers inconsistently employing vocabulary.
[1] Traupman (Conversational
Latin for Oral Proficiency) lists two – but does not use them in his text :
[i] sessōrium, -ī
[2/n]; Amery (First Thousand Words in Latin) also chooses this noun.
[ii] synoecium, -ī
[2/n]
[2] Wilkes (Latin for
Beginners) lists mediānum, -ī [2/n]
[3] ātrium, -ī [2/n]
is listed at:
https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Latin_II/Household_Lesson_1#
This is also given as
“lounge” at:
https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/lounge/
Question: does it matter? Not
really, if you are only focussing on the Classical world because the language has
a wide range of vocabulary to denote the rooms in Roman houses, the functions
generally well defined. In a contemporary sense, however, it is an interesting
task to question and / or challenge what is presented as being “correct”.
This can be done in a number
of ways, one of which is to check the frequency with which a word was used in
Classical Latin and whether it at least partially conveyed the meaning.
[1] https://logeion.uchicago.edu/sessorium
Lewis & Short: [i] stool,
chair; [ii] a place of residence, dwelling, habitation
The noun occurs once. In the Satyricon
(Petronius), Trimalchio describes his vast property:
Habet quattuor cēnātiōnēs,
| It
has 4 dining rooms,
cubicula vīgintī, | 20 bedrooms,
porticūs marmorātōs duōs | two marble halls,
sū(r)sum cellātiōnem, | a series of storerooms
upstairs
cubiculum in quō ipse dormiō, | a bedroom in which I
myself sleep,
** vīperae huius sessōrium....
| a
chamber for this viper, ** [i.e. a place where the viper ‘lives’ /
‘sits’ / ‘resides’]
ōstiāriī cellam perbonam; | the porter’s excellent room;
hospitium hospitēs capit. | the guest
room receives guests.
[2] https://logeion.uchicago.edu/synoecium
Lewis & Short: a room where several persons dwell together
From a German definition: das gemeinsame Wohnzimmer | the
shared / common living room
The noun occurs only once,
and also from the Satyricon:
Nam sī aliquis ex īs, quī in
eōdem synoeciō pōtant, ... | For if any one of those who drink
in the same tenement / lodging…
I suspect that Traupman has
tried to find an all-embracing noun, but neither of these were in common use,
nor does he consider other nouns that are functionally closer.
[3] Wilkes’ suggestion of mediānum,
-ī [2/n] is distinctly odd since, in Classical Latin, it had no suggestion
of any form of living space; as a noun, it referred to the middle part.
https://logeion.uchicago.edu/medianus
[4] There are, however,
potential “candidates”.
[i] exedra, -ae [1/f] “In
private houses the exedra was a room intended for conversation”
(Thurston Peck)
[ii] ex(h)edrium, -ī [2/n]:
Lewis & Short define this word as a “sitting room, parlour” and is referred
to by Cicero:
Exhedria
quaedam mihi nova sunt īnstitūta in porticulā Tusculānī.
“Certain new sitting-rooms have been set up for me in
the little portico of the Tusculan villa.”
In architectural terms, they may have been little more than ‘side
rooms’ or a semi-circular seating area opening out to, for example, the peristylium
(garden with colonnades). While
neither of them would precisely render the concept of a living room, both refer
to areas of a Roman house where people would withdraw for conversation and
social interaction. To that extent, the rather formal English term “drawing
room”, a shortened version of “withdrawing room”, reflects a similar concept.
[iii] ātrium, -ī [2/n]
The original function of the ātrium
was discussed here: xx.yy.26: topic; architecture [6]; The Roman House
[1] [LINK]
However, since it was a location for receiving visitors – the
term “reception rooms” is used today by, for example, estate agents – then it
is a reasonable rendering of “living room”. Moreover, in social terms, the ātrium
was the largest – and most impressive – area of a Roman house, designed to
convey the wealth and influence of the owner. In many houses in England built
in the Victorian and Edwardian eras, the “living room” was often described as
the “best room” i.e. the one that was the most elaborately furnished and conventionally
used for visitors.
The writer of the original
post makes the following observation:
“Atrium: Has the meaning of
"main room", but also the tone of "entrance". If many other
rooms are accessed through the living room, I would be tempted to use this
word.”
And so would I.
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