Saturday, February 28, 2026

17.07.26: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [30] [iii] full text; grammar (1)

Longē ā scholā est mōns parvus. Quamquam iter est longum et necesse est in carrīs īre, hodiē tōtum diem ibi discipulī cum magistrā manent. Mōns est locus grātus et diēs est idōneus ad iter. Quamquam mōns nōn est altus, ē summō monte oppidum vidētis, sī caelum est clārum et nūllae nūbēs sunt in caelō. Prope montem est flūmen parvum in quō discipulī natant et paucae nāviculae videntur. Ā dextrā et trāns flūmen oppidum vidētis. In ulteriōre rīpā et inter oppidum et flūmen sunt agrī et collēs parvī.

Diū magistra et discipulī errant. Pars eōrum dēfessa est quod diū in flūmine natat. Itaque paucī in saxō magnō sedent. “Hic est locus ad cēnam idōneus,” inquit magistra. “Cupitisne hīc cēnam ēsse?” Omnēs ita cupiunt. Post cēnam discipulī fābulam dēsīderant. Prīmō magistra silet. Deinde haec nārrat:

“Undique circumspectāte, discipulī; prope hunc montem est flūmen quod Tiberis appellātur. In ulteriōre rīpā sunt agrī Etrūscōrum, hostēs Rōmānōrum, quī in illō locō moenia habent. Impetum in Rōmānōs facere cupiunt. Vigilēs quī ē vāllō prōspectant prope portās castrōrum stant. Etrūscī quoque sunt. Ubīque nūntiī currunt.”

“Ecce! Ecce!” clāmant puerī; “Rōmānī sumus. Agmen longum hostium, quī ad urbem nostram iter faciunt, paene vidēmus.”

“Silēte,” inquit magistra, “et audīte. Illīs temporibus Rōma nōn erat magna sed moenia bona habēbat. Rōma cīvēs et mīlitēs magnae virtūtis habēbat. Exercitus erat magnae virtūtis. Etrūscī quoque erant fortēs. Rōmam occupāre cupiēbant. Ūnus collis, Iāniculum appellātus, ab Etrūscīs occupātus erat. Cīvēs perterritī erant. Ab Etrūscīs superābantur. Deōs auxilium rogābant. Ipsum patrem deōrum auxilium rogābant. Illīs temporibus deī ipsī in bellō cum virīs pugnābant. Ita Rōmānī putābant. Etrūscī domum magnam praedam portāre parātī erant, sed posteā, ubi Etrūscī superātī sunt, Rōmānī maximās deīs grātiās ēgērunt.”

“Hōs Etrūscōs barbarōs nōn probō,” inquit ūnus puer parvus.

“Barbarī nōn erant,” respondet magistra. “Aedificia pulchra habēbant. Pulchrae erant pictūrae eōrum. Rēgēs et exercitum habēbant. Deī Etrūscōrum erant multī et Etrūscī cōnsilia deōrum semper sciēbant.”

Vesper est. Tempus domum īre est. Hic est fīnis fābulae.

[1] Find the Latin

[i] It’s time to go (home)

[ii] It’s necessary to go (in carriages)

[iii] Do you want to eat …?

[iv] They want to make an attack …

[v] They wanted to occupy

[vi] They were ready to carry

[2] What forms of the verbs are these, and what do they mean?

[i] circumspectāte

[ii] silēte

[iii] audīte

[3] Translate the following and note in particular the word in bold:

[i] hostēs Rōmānōrum, quī in illō locō moenia habent

[ii] flūmen parvum in quō discipulī natant

[iii] Sed posteā, ubi Etrūscī superātī sunt, Rōmānī maximās deīs grātiās ēgērunt.

[iv] Quamquam iter est longum, …

[v] Quamquam mōns nōn est altus, …

[vi] caelum est clārum …

[4] Explain the difference between the use of quod in these two sentences:

[i]  Pars eōrum dēfessa est quod diū in flūmine natat.

[ii] Prope hunc montem est flūmen quod Tiberis appellātur.

____________________

[1]

[i] Tempus domum īre est

[ii] Necesse est in carrīs īre

[iii] Cupitisne ēsse; note long /ē/ that distinguished the verb ‘to eat’ (ēsse) from ‘to be’ (esse) which has a short /e/

[iv] Impetum facere cupiunt

[v] Occupāre cupiēbant

[vi] Portāre parātī erant

[2] All three are imperatives (command forms), in all three cases 2nd person plural telling more than one person to do something

[i] circumspectāte (1st conjugation):  look around

[ii] silēte (2nd conjugation): be silent

[iii] audīte (4th conjugation): listen

[3]

[i] The enemies of the Romans who have walls in that place

[ii] A small river in which the students swim

[iii] But afterwards when the Etruscans were defeated the Romans gave the greatest thanks to the gods

[iv] Although the journey is long …

[v] Although the mountain is not high …

[vi] If the sky is clear …

[4]

[i] quod: because; causal conjunction; introduces a clause giving the reason for the main clause

[ii] quod: which; relative pronoun; introduces a clause describing a noun in the main clause

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