A: Salvē, tabernārie!
B: Salva sīs,
domina!
A: Quid agis?
B: Optimē, grātiās
tibi agō. Et tū?
A: Haud male.
B: Quid hodiē
quaeris?
A: Ūvās nigrās
quaerō. Habēsne ūvās?
B: Ūvās nōn vendō.
Ūvae in vīnētō coluntur. Quid aliud quaeris?
A: Ostreās emere
volō. Vendisne ostreās?
B: Minimē. Ostreās
nōn habeō. Quot ostreās emere vīs? Piscātōrēs multās ostreās in forō piscātōriō
vendunt.
A: Fabās igitur
volō. Habēsne fabās?
B: Fabās numquam
vendō. Fabās dēliciōsās in forō olitoriō emere potes.
A: Duās vaccās
emere volō. Vendisne vaccās?
B: Meherculē, esne insāna? Vaccās hic nōn vendimus! Nūllum
animal hīc venditur! Agricolae vaccās pulchrās in forō boāriō
vendunt.
A: Cūr nihil
vendis? Cūr neque ūvās neque ostreās neque fabās neque vaccās habēs?
B: Edepol,
in tabernā librāriā es! Librōs tantum vendō!
A: Librōsne
vendis? Suntne dēliciōsī?
Vocabulary
[1] Verbs
habeō, -ēre [2]:
have
colō, -ere [3]:
grow, cultivate
emō, -ere [3]: buy
quaerō, -ere [3]:
look for, seek
vendō, -ere [3]:
sell
possum, posse
[irregular]: be able, can
volō, velle
[irregular]: want
[2] Nouns
[i] First
Declension
agricola, -ae
[1/m]: farmer
faba, -ae [1/f]:
bean
ostrea, -ae [1/f]:
oyster
taberna, -ae
[1/f]: shop
ūva, -ae [1/f]:
grape
vacca, -ae [1/f]:
cow
[ii] Second
Declension
liber, librī
[2/m]: book
tabernārius, -ī
[2/m]: shopkeeper
forum, -ī [2/n]:
market; marketplace
vīnētum, -ī [2/n]:
vineyard
[iii] Third
Declension
piscātor, -ōris
[3/m]: fisherman
animal, -ālis
[3/n]: animal
[3] Adjectives
(a)
alius, alia,
aliud: other
dēliciōsus, -a,
-um: delicious
multus, -a, -um: much;
(pl.) many
niger, nigra,
nigrum: black
nūllus, -a, -um:
no (in the sense of ‘not any’)
pulcher, pulchra,
pulchrum: beautiful
(b)
librārius, -a,
-um: of books
- taberna, -ae [1/f] librāria: bookshop
olitōrius, -a,
-um: of vegetables
piscātōrius, -a,
-um: of fish
boārius, -a, -um:
of cattle
- forum boārium: cattle market
- forum olitōrium: vegetable market
- forum piscātōrium: fish market
Notes
[1] Salvē,
tabernārie! The vocative case used when addressing people directly:
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/addressing-people-directly-look-at.html
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/declensions-and-cases-1-nominative.html
[2]
Nūllum animal hīc
venditur! │ No animal is sold here!
Ūvae in vīnētō
coluntur. │ Grapes are grown in a vineyard.
If you are still
at an early stage of Latin, look out for –(t)ur / -(nt)ur at the
end of a verb which most often marks the passive voice i.e. the subject
of the sentence is not doing anything; something is being done to it.
Agricolae ūvās colunt. │ The farmers grow
grapes.
Ūvae in vīnētō coluntur. │ Grapes
are grown in a vineyard.
Agricola vaccam in forō boāriō vendit. │ The
farmer sells / is selling a cow in the cattle market.
Vacca in forō boāriō
venditur. │ The cow is (being) sold in the
cattle market.
[3]
Meherculē! │ by Hercules!
Edepol! < ē +
deus + pol │ by (the god) Pollux!
Both are examples
of interjections i.e. words or phrases that express emotion, not unlike
“My goodness!” or “Heavens above!” They commonly appear in, for example, the
plays of Plautus, but are not offensive in any way.
[4]
Librōsne
vendis?
-ne can be added
to the first word of a sentence to make a question unless there is a
question word already present i.e. you cannot add it to words such as quid?
(what?) or quot? (how many?)
The first word
with -ne is most often a verb:
Esne
insāna? │ Are you mad?
Habēsne …?
│Do you have …?
Vendisne
…?│ Do you sell …?
Suntne
dēliciōsī? │ Are they delicious?
However, a Roman
author may shift the word order so that the key word being questioned appears
first:
Librōsne
vendis? │ Do you sell books?
English can do something
similar by adding spoken emphasis or making a change in sentence structure: It’s
books that you sell?
Tūne id dīcere audēs? (Plautus) │ You dare to say that? / It’s you who dares to say that?
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