LXIX. PUBLIUS JOINS CAESAR'S ARMY IN GAUL
[A]
__________
[B]
__________
Pūblius
iam adulēscēns, postquam togam virīlem sūmpsit, aliīs rēbus studēre incēpit et
praesertim ūsū armōrum sē dīligenter exercuit. Magis magisque amāvit illās
artēs quae mīlitārem animum dēlectant. Iamque erant quī eī cursum mīlitārem praedīcerent.
Nec sine causā, quod certē patris īnsigne exemplum ita multum trahēbat.
[C]
__________
[D]
__________
Paucīs
ante annīs C. Iūlius Caesar, ducum Rōmānōrum maximus, cōnsul creātus erat et
hōc tempore in Galliā bellum grave gerēbat. Atque in exercitū eius plūrēs
adulēscentēs mīlitābant, apud quōs erat amīcus quīdam Pūblī. Ille Pūblium
crēbrīs litterīs vehementer hortābātur ut iter in Galliam faceret. Neque
Pūblius rēcūsāvit, et, multīs amīcīs ad portam urbis prōsequentibus, ad
Caesaris castra profectus est.
[E]
__________
[F]
__________
Quārtō
diē postquam iter ingressus est, ad Alpēs, montēs altissimōs, pervēnit. Hīs
summā difficultāte superātīs, tandem Gallōrum in fīnibus erat. Prīmō autem
veritus est ut castrīs Rōmānīs adpropinquāre posset, quod Gallī, maximīs
cōpiīs coāctīs, Rōmānōs obsidēbant et viās omnēs iam clauserant. Quamvīs per
hostium cōpiās iter faceret, Pūblius vestem Gallicam induit nē ā Gallīs caperētur;
ita incolumis ad castra pervenīre potuit. Intrā mūnītiōnēs acceptus, ā Caesare
benignē exceptus est. Imperātor fortem adulēscentem amplissimīs verbīs laudāvit
et eum tribūnum mīlitum creāvit.
Question
[1] comprehension
Which
of the following titles are appropriate for each paragraph? There are two
titles for each of them.
dangerous journey through enemy territory
early training and growing interest in
military life
invitation to join Caesar’s campaign in
Gaul
successful arrival and reward in the Roman
camp
the rise of Julius Caesar as Rome’s
greatest general
young man influenced by his father’s
reputation
Question
[2] language; clause types and descriptors
Look
at the following clauses from the text. At this higher level, you may well be
using grammar books that identify these clauses by name. Match the clauses with
their names and descriptors [A] – [H] below:
[i] plūrēs adulēscentēs mīlitābant ¦ apud quōs
erat amīcus quīdam Pūblī _____
[ii] erant ¦ quī eī cursum mīlitārem
praedīcerent _____
[iii] postquam togam virīlem sūmpsit
_____
[iv] quod certē patris īnsigne
exemplum ita multum trahēbat _____
[v] vestem Gallicam induit ¦ nē ā
Gallīs caperētur _____
[vi] hortābātur ¦ ut iter in
Galliam faceret _____
[vii] veritus est ¦ ut
castrīs Rōmānīs adpropinquāre posset _____
[viii] Quamvīs per hostium cōpiās
iter faceret, … _____
[A]
subordinate clause of fear (+ subjunctive)
- Used after verbs of fearing; nē expresses fear that something may happen, ut expresses fear that something may not happen.
[B]
indirect command (+ subjunctive)
- Reports an order, request, encouragement, or instruction indirectly.
[C]
concessive clause (+ subjunctive)
- Expresses a contrast, usually translated as “although …”; the main action happens despite this fact.
[D]
subordinate clause of cause / reason
- Explains why the action in the main clause happens.
[E]
relative / adjectival clause
- Refers to / describes a specific, identifiable person or thing mentioned in the main clause.
[F]
relative clause of characteristic (+ subjunctive)
- Describes the type or kind of person or thing, not a specific individual; often a general or non-specific group.
[G]
subordinate clause of negative purpose (+ nē + subjunctive)
- Explains the aim or intention behind the action in the main clause; here, the purpose is negative i.e. the goal it is intended not to bring about.
[H]
subordinate clause of time (temporal clause)
- States when the action of the main clause takes place.
____________________
Notes
on the subjunctive
[1]
Subjunctive: characteristic; does not describe a specific person but
makes a generalised comment on the ‘type of person’
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20characteristic
Iamque
erant quī eī cursum mīlitārem praedīcerent
- And there were already people who predicted a military career for him
[2]
Subjunctive: indirect command
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20indirect%20commands
Ille
Pūblium … vehementer hortābātur ut iter in Galliam faceret
- He was strongly urging Publius … to make a journey into Gaul
[3]
Subjunctive: purpose (negative)
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20purpose
Pūblius
vestem Gallicam induit nē ā Gallīs caperētur
- Publius put on Gallic clothing so that he would not be captured by the Gauls
[4]
Subjunctive: fear
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20verbs%20of%20fearing
Prīmō
autem veritus est ut castrīs Rōmānīs adpropinquāre posset
- At first, however, he feared that he might not be able to approach the Roman camp
[5]
Subjunctive: concessive; ‘although’
https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20concessive%20clauses
Quamvīs
per hostium cōpiās iter faceret, …
- Although he was making his way through the enemy forces, …
____________________
Question [1] comprehension
[A] Early training and growing interest in military life
[B] A young man influenced by his father’s reputation
[C] An invitation to join Caesar’s campaign in Gaul
[D] The rise of Julius Caesar as Rome’s greatest general
[E] A dangerous journey through enemy territory
[F] Successful arrival and reward in the Roman camp
Question [2] language
[i] E; [ii] F; [iii] H; [iv] D; [v] G; [vi] B; [vii] A; [viii] C
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