Referring to:
https://www.facebook.com/reel/3452819201540306
Another great little video from Magister Andrews: one minute
in length but, depending on your aim, has lots to explore.
Salvēte. | Hello.
Vestīmenta mea sunt* sordida. | My clothes are dirty.
Ergō, necesse est mihi lavāre vestīmenta. | Therefore, it is
necessary for me to wash the clothes.
Vestīmenta lavō māchinā. | I wash the clothes with
/ by means of a machine.
Ecce māchina. | Here’s the machine / Look, the machine.
Prīmō sāpōnem** in māchinā fundō,
… | First, I pour soap into the machine, …
Et deinde vestīmenta in māchinā pōnō.
| And then I put the clothes into the machine.
Pōnō vestīmenta in māchinā. | I put
the clothes into the machine.
Tandem nummōs, … | Finally, the coins, …
… ecce nummōs … | … here are the coins …
… in māchinā pōnō, et … | … I
put them into the machine, and …
… operculum claudō. | … I close the lid.
Et iam vestīmenta mea lavantur. | And now my
clothes are being washed.
Valēte! | Goodbye!
*Magister A makes a small mistake to which he refers at the
end of the video. He says ‘est’ but it should be sunt because
his clothes are dirty.
** If you took your toga to the laundry in Ancient Rome,
they didn’t use soap as we understand it today. The laundry workers (fullōnēs)
filled the tubs with a mixture of water and alkaline chemicals – sometimes
including ammonia derived from urine – and trampled, scrubbed and wrung out the
cloth.
[i]
nummus, -ī [2/m]: coin
operculum, -ī [2/n]: cover; lid
vestīmentum, -ī [2/n]: (sg.) article of clothing; (pl.)
clothes
fundō, -ere [3]: pour (out)
lavō, -āre [1]: wash
pōnō, -ere [3]: put
[ii]
[a] Vestīmenta lavō māchinā. | I wash the
clothes by means of a machine.
Latin uses the ablative case alone to describe the means or,
here, the instrument by which an action is performed.
Rēx gladiō interfectus est. | The king was
killed by a sword.
24.05.25: Level 3; summary of the uses of the ablative case
[7]: the ablative of means / instrument
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/240525-level-3-summary-of-of-uses-of.html
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/773231668621437
When the person by whom an action is
performed is expressed, the preposition ā / ab + the ablative is used. This is
known in grammar as the ablative of agent.
Rēx ab inimīcō interfectus est.
| The king was killed by an enemy.
24.05.25: Level 3; summary of the uses of the ablative case
[8]: the ablative of agent
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/240525-level-3-summary-of-of-uses-of_26.html
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/773232508621353
[b]
vestīmenta in māchinā [ablative]
pōnō | I put the clothes into the machine
sāpōnem in māchinā fundō |
I pour the soap into the machine
The English ‘into’ specifically conveys movement from
one place to another.
Latin, like some other languages such as German and Russian,
distinguishes between the ideas of (1) no movement: the money is in the
drawer, and movement from one place to another: she threw the money into the
drawer.
(1) in + ablative: in / on (no movement)
in hortō: in the
garden; in mēnsā: on the table; in equō: on a
horse
(2) in + accusative: in(to) / on(to) i.e. movement from A to
B
et cocum … in culīnam [accusative]
… dūxit (Petronius) | And he led the
cook into the kitchen.
in flūmen [accusative] sē
praecipitāverant (Quintus Curtius Rufus) | They had hurled themselves
into the river.
However, in the phrases used by Magister Andrews, the focus
is not on movement, but on the location where the action takes place and so the
ablative is used despite the English translation.
Sacculum suum in mēnsā [ablative] pōnit |
He puts his bag on the table.
cūstōdiās vigiliāsque in turribus mūrōque
disposuit (Caesar) | He stationed guards and watches on the towers and on the
wall.
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