28.01.27: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [39] (2)

[4] Complete the Latin text with the words and phrases listed below:

“The column of barbarians (1) kept marching all the way to the river. They crossed the river in small boats. The barbarians (2) were approaching the fort. (3) They did not turn their backs, and when (4) they came up to the fort, (5) they launched an attack. The battle was long. The farmers inside the fort (6) fought fiercely, but they were not able (7) to drive the barbarians away from the fort. A fort of this kind was not strong. The barbarians (8) were breaking down the gate of the fort. They came right into the fort and (9) drove out the terrified farmers. Many (10) had been killed.”

Intereā usque ad flūmen agmen barbarōrum (1) __________. Nāviculīs flūmen trānsībat. Barbarī castellō (2) __________. (3) __________ et ubi ad castellum (4) __________, (5) __________. Proelium erat longum. Agricolae intrā castellum (6) __________ sed barbarōs ā castellō (7) __________ nōn poterant. Castellum huius generis nōn erat validum. Barbarī iānuam castellī (8) __________. Usque in castellum vēnērunt et agricolās perterritōs (9) __________. Multī (10) __________.

ācriter pugnābant; appropinquābant; expulērunt; frangēbant; impetum fēcērunt; iter faciēbat; occīsī erant; pellere; succēdēbant; terga nōn vertēbant

[5]

Subitō in cōnspectū agricolārum agmen sociōrum vidēbātur. Apud agricolās laetitia erat magna. Quamquam sērī erant sociī (paene prīma vigilia erat) agricolās servābant. Agmen ad castellum succēdēbat. Statim dux sociōrum perīculum vīdit. Signa vertī iussit et barbarōs ante sē pepulit.

Post proelium discipulī castellum restituērunt. Fenestrae et iānuae frāctae restitūtae sunt. Crās aliud proelium erit.

[i] “Apud agricolās laetitia erat magna.” Give the reason for this. (1)

[ii] How do we know that this event happened in the early evening? Quote and translate the Latin phrase, and explain the use of the noun. (3)

[iii] “Quamquam sērī erant sociī …” Translate this phrase and identify the clause type. (2)

[iv] What danger was seen? (1)

[v]

[a] What is the literal translation of “signa vertī iussit”? (1)

[b] How might it be more fluently conveyed in English? (1)

[vi] What was the outcome of the commander’s order? (1)

[vii] How do we know that the fort had been damaged? Quote and translate the Latin phrases. (4)

____________________

[4]

Intereā usque ad flūmen agmen barbarōrum (1) iter faciēbat. Nāviculīs flūmen trānsībat. Barbarī castellō (2) appropinquābant. (3) Terga nōn vertēbant et ubi ad castellum (4) succēdēbant, (5) impetum fēcērunt. Proelium erat longum. Agricolae intrā castellum (6) ācriter pugnābant sed barbarōs ā castellō (7) pellere nōn poterant. Castellum huius generis nōn erat validum. Barbarī iānuam castellī (8) frangēbant. Usque in castellum vēnērunt et agricolās perterritōs (9) expulērunt. Multī (10) occīsī erant.

[5]

[i] the farmers suddenly caught sight of the column of allies (1)

[ii] paene prīma vigilia (1) | almost the first vigil (1); vigilia, -ae [1/f]: (military) refers to one of the four ‘watches / vigils’ i.e. divisions of the night (1)

[iii] Although the allies were late (1); concessive (1)

[iv] column approaching the fort

[v]

[a] He ordered the standards to be turned.

[b] He ordered the troops to turn around.

Note: although signa refers physically to the military standards, they represent in this context all the troops who are marching behind them i.e. if the standards are turned around, then the troops will also reverse their direction

[vi] He drove the barbarians ahead of him (1)

[vii]

discipulī castellum restituērunt (1) | the pupils repaired the fort (1)

fenestrae et iānuae frāctae (1) | the broken / smashed windows and doors (1)