I: Amīcus meus multōs librōs habet. Librōs amat. Fīlius amīcī meī librōs nōn amat. Sed puer bonus est, et bene labōrat. Validus et impiger est. Equōs bonōs amat et laetus est cum in agrīs labōrat.
Amiikus meus multoos libroos habet. Libroos aamat. Fiilius
amiikii meii libroos noon aamat. Sed puuer bonus est, et bene laboorat.
Uualidus et impiger est. Equoos bonoos aamat et laitus est kum in aagriis
laboorat.
II: Māter tua parvum hortum habet. In hortō sunt rosae
et līlia. Māter tua mihi saepe rosās dat. Soror mea līlia et
rosās amat, et in hortō cum fīliā amīcī meī interdum ambulat. Ex
fenestrā tēctī nostrī hortum vidēmus.
III: Hortus Mārcī est pulcher, et ibi cum Mārcō saepe ambulō.
Mārcus est amīcus meus. Sed hodiē in hortō sōlus ambulō quod Mārcus est aeger.
Miser sum quod amīcus meus est aeger.
IV: Sextus equōs meōs laudat. Bellum longum exspectāmus.
Fīlia tua est puella bona. Īnsula est parva sed pulchra. Nautae sunt validī.
līlium, -ī [2/n]: lily
(1) nautae sunt validī; although nauta is
1st declension, it is masculine and so the plural adjective agrees
in gender
(2) māter (mother) and soror (sister) belong to
a different declension that you have not yet seen. However, they are both
feminine and, therefore, the adjective is feminine:
māter tua: your mother
soror mea: my sister
(3) The possessive adjectives in Latin – my, your,
our – also act as possessive pronouns: mine, yours, ours.
[i]
meus, -a, -um: my [or: mine]
tuus, -a, -um: your (singular) [or:
yours]
These have the same endings as 1st / 2nd
declension adjectives e.g. bonus, -a, -um
Amīcus meus multōs librōs habet. | My friend
has many books.
Fīlius amīcī meī librōs nōn amat. | My friend’s
son [ = the son of my friend] does not like books.
Sextus equōs meōs laudat. | Sextus praises my
horses.
Fīlia tua est puella bona. | Your daughter
is a good girl.
Note: meus also has a vocative singular form when
addressing a person (or, technically, an object) that is masculine singular.
Nominative: meus
Vocative: mī
Ō fīlī mī! | Oh, my son!
Valē, amīce mī! | Farewell, my friend!
Quid istuc est, mī vir, negōtī? (Plautus) | What is that
business, my husband?
[ii]
noster, nostra, nostrum: our
[or: ours]
vester, vestra, vestrum:
your (plural) [or: yours]
These have the same endings as 1st / 2nd
declension adjectives in -er where the /e/ is lost e.g. pulcher,
pulchra, pulchrum
Ex fenestrā tēctī nostrī hortum vidēmus. |
From the window of our house we see the garden.
[iii] 3rd person possessives i.e. his / her(s) /
their(s) are not adjectives, but pronouns and they do not decline:
(1)
eius: his / her(s); literally: of
him / of her
no agreement in gender, number and
case
Equus eius validus est. | His / her horse
is strong.
Amīcī eius in viā ambulant. | His / her friends are
walking on the road.
Amīcum eius videō. | I see his / her friend.
(2)
eōrum: their(s) [masculine]; eārum [feminine];
literally: of them
These do not agree with what is ‘owned’, but with the ‘owner’:
Puerī [masculine] in agrīs labōrant.
Casae eōrum [masculine] parvae sunt. Casās eōrum [masculine] videō.
The boys are working in the fields. Their
cottages are small. I see their cottages.
Puellae [feminine] linguam Latīnam
discunt. Magister eārum [feminine] benignus est. Magistrum eārum [feminine;
referring to the girls] saepe audiō.
The girls are learning Latin. Their teacher is
kind. I often hear their teacher.
Latin has other ways of expressing 3rd person
possessives but, at this stage, focus on and recognise the ones that are given
here.
LINKS
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/210224-meus-mea-meum-my-mine.html
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/tuus-tua-tuum-eius-1-tuus-tua-tuum-are.html
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/nominative-plural-of-meus-mea-meum-and.html
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/280525-level-1-readings-12-15-review-3.html
The tables are given for reference, but the endings are exactly the same as for 1st / 2nd declension nouns and adjectives.
____________________
I: My friend has many books. He loves books. My friend's son
does not love books. But the boy is good, and he works well. He is strong and
hardworking. He loves good horses and is happy when he works in the fields.
II: Your mother has a small garden. In the garden there are
roses and lilies. Your mother often gives me roses. My sister loves lilies and
roses, and she sometimes walks in the garden with my friend's daughter. From
the window of our roofed building/house we see the garden.
III: Marcus's garden is beautiful, and I often walk there with
Marcus. Marcus is my friend. But today I walk alone in the garden because
Marcus is ill. I am sad because my friend is ill.
IV: Sextus praises my horses. We are expecting a long war. Your daughter is a good girl. The island is small but beautiful. The sailors are strong.
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