It’s a straightforward
question since the word crops up in countless detective movies:
- alibī: elsewhere; in law, it refers to the defence plea that the accused was elsewhere at the time of the crime
- aliās: the English term ‘alias’ refers to a person who
goes by alternative names. The original Latin adverb means ‘at
another time; on another occasion’.
- alumnus, -ī [2/m]: pupil (male); alumna, -ae [1/f]: pupil (female)
The fourth option (addendum) features a useful point of
Latin grammar.
addendum: this is an example of a Latin future
passive participle, also known as a gerundive:
The gerundive most often refers to something that needs
to be or has to be done. It is formed from the stem
of the present tense with a distinctive -nd- ending + the adjective
endings -us, -a, -um; below are its forms with its basic meaning
laudō, laudā¦re [1]: praise > lauda- > laudandus,
-a, -um: (which) is / needs / has to be praised
timeō, timē¦re [2]: fear > time- > timendus,
-a, -um│ which is to be feared
dēleō, dēlē¦re [2]: destroy > dēle- > dēlendus,
-a, -um│ which is to be destroyed
Carthāgō dēlenda est (Cato the Elder) | Carthage
is to be / has to be / must be destroyed.
dūcō, dūce¦re [3]:lead > dūc- > dūcendus,
-a, -um│ which is to be led
3-iō and 4th conjugation have -ie- as
the stem before the ending is added
capiō, cape¦re [3-iō] > capie¦ndus, -a, -um│
which is to be captured
audiō, audī¦re [4] > audie¦ndus, -a, -um│
which is to be heard
English has derived nouns from this construction:
(1) addō, addere [3]: add > addendus, -a, -um | which is to
be added
> Engl. deriv: addendum – something that needs to be
added)
When the boss forgot to include something in a document, he
may send you an addendum (or several addenda).
(2) corrigō, corrigere [3]: correct > corrigendus, -a, -um
| which is to be corrected
> Engl. deriv: corrigendum – something that needs to
be corrected)
Less so nowadays, but a book may contain a corrigendum or,
more commonly, a list of corrigenda i.e. this is added to the
book / document after its publication to refer to errors that have been noted
and, presumably, are to be corrected in the next edition or
which need to be corrected by the reader when they
appear.
(3) Business meetings may begin with an agenda, a
summary of items that need to be done during the meeting.
agō, agere [3]: do > agendus, -a, -um | which is to be done
(4) You may receive a memo by email i.e.
a memorandum – something that needs to be remembered –
or maybe you have several things you need to remember: memoranda
memorō, memorāre [1]: remind; bring to mind > memorandus,
-a, -um | which is to be brought to mind
(5) two proper nouns in English are derived from the gerundive
forms:
amō, amāre [1]: love > amandus, -a, -um | which (who) is to
be loved > Amanda
mīror, mīrārī [1/deponent]: wonder at > mīrandus, -a, -um |
which (who) is to be wondered / admired at
The formidable boss of Runway in “The Devil Wears Prada”
is Miranda Priestly, she who is to be wondered /
marvelled at – the perfect choice of name for her character.
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/11/120225-level-2-reading-schoolmasters.html
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