06.06.27: Level 3+ (review); a Second Latin Reader (Vincent) [25] The Bellovaci

Caesar, obsidibus acceptīs prīmīs civitātis atque ipsīus Galbae rēgis duōbus fīliīs et armīs omnibus ex oppidō trāditīs, in dēditiōnem Suessiōnēs accēpit exercitumque in Bellovacōs dūcit. Quī sē suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulerant; illō tempore Caesar ab eō oppidō cum exercitū mīlia passuum quīnque aberat. Paucī igitur erant quī sē Caesārī trādere nollent. Itaque omnēs maiōrēs nātū ex oppidō ēgressī manūs ad Caesarem tendere et petere coepērunt ut in potestātem populī Rōmānī venīrent. Inde, postquam ad oppidum vēnit castraque ibi posuit, puerī mulierēsque ex mūrō pācem ab Rōmānīs petiērunt.

[1] subjunctive usage

Relative clause of characteristic

Paucī igitur erant quī sē Caesārī trādere nollent. | There were few who were unwilling to surrender themselves to Caesar.

03.08.26: Level 3+; Subjunctive [79] dependent uses [9] relative clauses of characteristic (1)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2026/03/030826-level-4-subjunctive-79-dependent.html

03.08.26: Level 3+; Subjunctive [80] dependent uses [9] relative clauses of characteristic (2) practice

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2026/03/030826-level-4-subjunctive-80-dependent.html

[2] deponent verbs

ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum [3-iō/deponent]: come out

Deponent verbs are passive in form but active in meaning. Therefore, the participle translates as “having done …”:

omnēs maiōrēs nātū ex oppidō ēgressī … | all the elders, having come out of the town …

Examples from earlier passages:

hortor, -arī, hortātus sum [1/deponent]: encourage

Inde Caesar … suōs mīlitēs hortātus … | Then Caesar… having encouraged his soldiers …

proficīscor, proficīscī, profectus sum [3 / deponent]: set out

profectī igitur | therefore, having set out

ūtor, utī, ūsus sum [3/deponent]: use

Inde eae gentēs, eōdem consiliō ūsāe … | Then those peoples, having used the same plan …

[3] ablative of respect

omnēs maiōrēs nātū | all the elders [literally: all greater in respect of age / birth]

11.06.25; Level 3;  summary of the uses of the ablative case [14]: the ablative of respect / specification

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/110625-level-3-summary-of-of-uses-of_7.html

[4] Translate the full phrases and identify the constructions in bold.

[a]

obsidibus acceptīs prīmīs civitātis atque ipsīus Galbae rēgis duōbus fīliīs

armīs omnibus ex oppidō trāditīs

[b] petere coepērunt ut in potestātem populī Rōmānī venīrent

[c] Quī sē suaque omnia in oppidum Bratuspantium contulerant

[d] illō tempore Caesar ab eō oppidō … aberat

____________________

[4]

[a]

After the leading men of the state and the two sons of Galba, the king himself, had been received as hostages; ablative absolute

After all the weapons from the town had been handed over; ablative absolute

[b] (they) began requesting to come [= that they might come] under the authority of the Roman people; subjunctive: indirect command

[c] (And) they had taken themselves and all their possessions into the town of Bratuspantium; connecting relative

[d] At that time Caesar was away from the town; ablative of time when

Once the leading men of the state and the two sons of Galba, the king himself, had been received, Caesar received the Suessiones in surrender and leads the army against the Bellovaci. And they had taken themselves and all their possessions into the town of Bratuspantium; at that time Caesar together with the army was five miles away from the town. Therefore, there were few who refused to surrender to Caesar. And so all the elders, having come out of the town, began extending their hands to Caesar and requesting to come under the authority of the Roman people. Then, after he came to the town and placed a camp there, from the wall the children and women sought peace from the Romans.